Geomorphological Processes Analysis and Their Role in Shaping the Earth’s Surface West of Samarra District Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Abstract

This research examines geomorphological processes and their role in shaping the landforms in the area west of Samarra, through an analysis of the natural factors influencing landform development, particularly geological, climatic, and hydrological factors. The study relied on a descriptive-analytical approach to explain the nature of the prevailing geomorphological processes, such as water and wind erosion, sculpting, and sedimentation, and to demonstrate their impact on the formation of different geomorphological units.The results of the research showed that the variation in rock and structural characteristics, along with the different degrees of slope and intensity of geomorphological processes, clearly contributed to the diversity of landforms in the studied area, especially eroded surfaces, seasonal wadis, and sedimentary accumulations. The study also showed that geomorphological processes are still active in reshaping the surface, which is reflected in the nature of human land use. The research recommends that the results be used in applied geographical studies and spatial planning, given their role in understanding the dynamics of surface development and reducing natural hazards.